The Short Story Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison Is A Disturbing Story Ab

The short story "Battle Royal" by Ralph Ellison is a disturbing story about the conflicts between the black and white cultures and the main character and himself. In the story the conflicts between the two cultures had a definite impact on how the main character saw himself and caused the conflicts within himself. "Battle Royal" deals with racism and the suppression of the African American race and how it effected the actions of that culture. The main character of the story is an African American raised in a predominately white area in the early 1950's, where there was very little acceptance of non-white cultures. Throughout the story the character goes through an extreme revelation about how he was taught by the white culture to perceive himself and who he truly was as an African American male. In the exposition of the story or "background information" the main character talks about his grandfather and what he told his grandson on his deathbed about dealing with the white people. "Son, after I'm gone I want you to keep up the good fight. I never told you, but our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days, a spy in the enemy's country ever since I give up my gun back in the Reconstruction" (185). At first when his grandfather said this to the main character he didn't understand, but by the Fitzke, page 2 conclusion of the story both he and the reader can see what the grandfather was trying to tell him. The grandfather was talking about one of the main aspects of the short story, the conflict between the black and white cultures. The grandfather called himself a "traitor" to the white society because he would go along with what the white man said even though he did not want to. During the time in which this short story was written, the early 1950's, the African American culture, even though they were free, still had very few rights under the law. The white culture or society mistreated and abused the African American's with racial slurs and putting them as inferior to their own culture. There are several examples of this in the short story "Battle Royal." The white men at the boxing rink got pleasure from watching the black males beat each other to a pulp and receive painful shocks when they try to get the money they were promised. "And while I still held him I butted him and moved away. I felt myself bombarded with punches. I fought back with hopeless desperation. I wanted to deliver my speech more than anything else in the world" (191). This is obvious mistreatment of other human beings and would today be unacceptable in society. The fact that the black males were willing to participate in such a degrading and inhumane activity raises the important questi on, why? Why would they subject themselves to this kind of treatment? What would compel the black males to treat others of their own race so cruelly, merely for the pleasure of drunk, racist, white men? The answer to what compelled the black men is obvious, they did as the white men said to achieve a different goal, and they were traitors to the white men. The main character's Fitzke, page 3 participation in the battle won him money and the chance to give a speech. This speech ended up winning him a scholarship to the State College for Negroes and without even realizing it, he had been a traitor to the white men. The main conflict in the story is described primarily in the racist treatment of the white culture towards the African American culture. This conflict between the two races is not very apparent in the story because the African Americans do not fight back with violence, but rather with submission. The main character's silence seems to gain him the passage to a better future, or does it? The second aspect of the short story "Battle Royal" is the conflict between the character and himself. "All my life I had been looking for something, and everywhere I turned someone tried to tell me what it was. I accepted their answers too, though they

Steinbecks The Pearl Essays - The Pearl, John Steinbeck, Midas

Steinbeck's The Pearl Essays - The Pearl, John Steinbeck, Midas Steinbeck's The Pearl The Pearl MATERIAL SOCIETY, MATERIAL THOUGHTS Ever since Midas' lust for gold, it appears to be that man has acquired a greed and appetite for wealth. Juana, the Priest, and the doctor have all undergone a change due to money. They are all affected by their hunger for wealth and inturn are the base for their own destruction, and the destruction of society. Steinbeck's The Pearl is a study of man's self destruction through greed. Juana, the faithful wife of Kino, a paltry peasant man, had lived a spiritual life for what had seemed like as long as she could remember. When her son Coyito fell ill from the bite of a scorpion, she eagerly turned towards the spiritual aspects of life. Beginning to pray for her son's endangered life. The doctor who had resided in the upper-class section of the town, refused to assistant the child, turning them away when they arrived at the door. Lastly they turned to the sea to seek their fortune. When Juana set sight on the Pearl of The World. she felt as though all her prayers had been answered, if she could have foreseen the future what she would have seen would have been a mirror image of her reality. Juana's husband was caught in a twisted realm of mirrors, and they were all shattering one by one. In the night he heard a sound so soft that it might have been simply a thought... and quickly attacked the trespasser. This is where the problems for Juana and her family began. The fear that had mounted in Kino's body had taken control over his actions. Soon even Juana who had always had faith in her husband, had doubted him greatly. It will destroy us all she yelled as her attempt to rid the family of the pearl had failed. Kino had not listened however, and soon Juana began to lose her spiritual side and for a long time she had forgotten her prayers that had at once meant so much to her. She had tried to help Kino before to much trouble had aroused, only to discover that she was not competent enough to help. A hypocrathic oath is said before each medical student is granted a Doctors degree. In the oath they swear to aid the ill, and cure the injured. In the village of La Paz there lived a doctor who had earned his wealth by helping those that were ill and could afford his services. Not once in his long career would he have dared refuse to aid a wealthy lawyer or noblemen. However when Kino and the group of money hungry peasants arrived at his door with a poisoned child he had refused them entry saying Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for 'little Indians'? I am a doctor, not a veterinary. for the doctor had known that the peasants hadn't any money. He had been to Paris and had enjoyed the splendors of the world, and therefore he wouldn't be seen dealing with the less fortunate as he knew that the less fortunate would surely always be just that-less fortunate. However it seemed that he had been stereotypical of the less fortunate, as he soon discovered when hearing of a g reat pearl discovered by the peasants who had knocked upon his door earlier that day. A hunger for wealth was what pushed him to visit the peasants house and aid their destitute son. However he had already ended Coyito's life without knowing he'd done so, for if he had administered aid to Coyito when they were first at the doctors door, Kino would have no reason to seek his fortune in the ocean, and would not be led down the road to hardships. One might think that a doctor, one who has the image of being passive, and caring should not stoop to such a level. When one is down on their luck, chances are they will turn to superstition in hope to acquire what it is that they would want to achieve. A good example of this would be a good luck charm such as a rabbit's foot. In La Paz the peasants

Pharmacology Practical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmacology Practical - Essay Example The experiment provided a uniform temperature (37 degrees) for the enzyme activity, whereas in living systems the temperature usually varies within a given range. According to Yun, crude extracts of orlistat also contain an inactive component, which is a possibility in the in vivo action of orlistat that leads to the disparities between experimental values and theoretical values of IC50 (2010). The suggested dose of Orlistat is one 120 mg capsule immediately before, during or up to one hour after, each main meal. From the statement, In general, at therapeutic doses detection of intact Orlistat in plasma is sporadic and concentrations are extremely low ( Orlistat’s systemic absorption is minimal because most of it is largely maintained in the gastrointestinal tract. This is why extremely low plasma concentrations are observed after the intake of the drug (Bryant et al. 2011). Systemic absorption of Orlistat is not necessary for its activity because it provides its therapeutic action in the stomach lumen and ileum. Orlistat binds irreversibly to the amino acid residues serine present in the active sites of gastric and pancreatic lipases through the formation of covalent bonds. This binding inactivates the enzymes making them unavailable for the hydrolysis of dietary fat (triglycerides) into fatty acids and monoglycerides (Orlistat STADAÂ ® 60mg/120 mg 2011). Consequently, a caloric deficit ensues because of failure of absorption of the undigested triglycerides. The caloric deficit has a helpful outcome on the regulation of

Planning Function of Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning Function of Management - Case Study Example Ethical issues involve (1) a safe working environment for employees and (2) provide customers with fair and up-to-date information. In this case, planning is concerned with the long-term development, its essential character, its personality, its essence. Therefore, planning is concerned with decisions which have enduring effects that are difficult to reverse. WorldCom creates safe and friendly atmosphere which helps employees to increase productivity and avoid conflicts. While planning is a process that should generate receptivity to change and foster a responsive and proactive posture for the staff, it has been suggested that when rigidity is found in the process, the benefits and intent of the process have been lost through misuse (Sims 2003). Fair and up-to-date information is the main requirements applied to all spheres of WorldCom business. Social responsibility issues include (1) fair competition and (2) equal treatment of all employees in spite of their cultural background, age or gender. WorldCom supposes that planning should be implicitly receptive, even flexible, to change or to new ideas if it is to lead a complex bureaucratic agency into a changing environment with some assurance of success. It develops its business strategies and marketing plans in accordance with rules established by the industry. Diversity management helps WorldCom to eliminate cultural and age differences, and provide employee with equal opportunities. The planning process through which a staff progresses may be extremely valuable if the staff is able to confront and clarify its mission, if the awareness for change in a turbulent environment is afforded greater appreciation and acceptance (Issues in Corporate Social Responsibility 2007). The company's strategic panning is influenced by new products, legal strategies and competition. Managers acknowledge that the steps involved in the process are few and uncomplicated, but the technique and craft, even artistry, are complex. Strategic panning involves stakeholders working collectively to (1) review selected basic considerations or conduct a strategic analysis, (2)

The education in the field of nursing in the commendable program Essay

The education in the field of nursing in the commendable program - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that according to an anonymous quote, â€Å"save one life, you are a hero. Save 100 lives, you are a nurse†. It would not be wrong to consider the profession of nursing as one of the strong pillars in the field of medicine. This profession not only involves the acquisition of effective medical knowledge and skills, it also requires a tender heart that can sympathize with the pain of the patients. The relevance of nursing is often undermined by being overshadowed with more attractive jobs of surgeons and consultants. The researcher believes that the doctors’ treatments need to be coupled with effective and tender care by nurses to ensure long term health for the patients. It is due to this belief that the author has been inclined towards this noble profession since many years and wants to pursue his education in your esteemed institution. The author’s childhood memories have some instances when the author’s parent s would take me to a shelter and spend time with the less fortunate ones in the society. It was often witnessed that effective medical treatment was being given to them, however, the tender care of their loved ones was missing which would lead to boosting their morale and head them towards the road of better health. The absence of family members in the lives of such people was seen to be filled with the care of nurses. The commitment of those professionals was worth admiration which made me work as a volunteer nurse for a few times.

Superstructure Preliminary Design Report

Superstructure Preliminary Design Report Two superstructure design options for the warehouse have been considered and discussed for the chosen layout, for the first design which is a portal frame and the other is a trusses structure. And all the materials were used in steelwork which are in S355. Design option one For this design option, simple portal frame are used as the main structural design and the frame contains 10 bays, each of them are 6m wide and 17m total length. This give a total area of 102m2 per bay which is satisfy the minimum requirement of the bay area of 85m2 at the beginning of the design brief. The height of the top of the column is 6m and the highest point of the roof is 6.9m which is using 6 degrees for designing the portal frame and which is satisfies the minimum floor to ceiling height of 6m at the beginning of the design brief as well. For the Section sizing, Loading calculations have been completed, and a size for each member has been chosen based on the loads acting on the structure. For the rafter, all secondary beams, (this includes the beams between columns, and the ridge beam), a section size of 356x171x45 UKB has been chosen. It has been assumed that the columns are unrestrained; this choice may be revised in the future. Under this assumption, along with the loading conditions, a section size of 533x210x22 UKB has been chosen for each column. Moreover, the diagonal cross spacing was used for the bracing design in order to maintain the stability of the whole structure under the wind loading and has been sized by using the load calculation conditions, a section size of 60x60x8 UKA has been chosen for all bracing on the roof. Furthermore, haunches with 10% of the span of the rafter long which to touch between each column and the corner of the rafter which mainly use to obtain the effect of hogging. Advantages: The main braces of the structure located on the roof of the portal frame that gives more cavity in between columns. In other words, it gives more options for the locations of the gates for the lorries to drop off. On the other hand, more fire exit can be set. As the roof make angles with both front and side of the structure, the brace on the roof can undertake wind pressure in both directions. In which, less brace is held in front and side of it. This cost less time and cost to construct. The whole structure is design to make with steel beams. This gives the structure with higher strength compare with concrete beams and columns. Between columns and columns, they have equal spaces. This led them to share the same amount to compression. The columns will share the same displacement during deformation. Easier approximation while the structure collapses. As each portal frame share the same structure, it spends less time to construct. Pin joints are used as the support on the bottom of each columns instead of fixed support, the columns of the structure undergo lesser banding moments. A vertical brace is held on the last part of the structure, it supports the brace on the roof. In other words, the materials use to make brace on the roof can be reduced. Two extra columns have been placed at both ends of the portal frame in order to support the end-span, as both end-spans do not have secondary beams either side to help stabilise the rafters in these sections. Disadvantages: While the main braces are on the top of the roof, the columns have to support higher load. The only vertical brace may block the space in between the columns. The main entrance may have to move. Design option two The second design option utilises a Pratt-pattern truss between the columns of each bay to replace a rafter with a haunch. Same as the first design, the frame contains 8 bays, each 6m wide and with a total length of 17m; giving a total area of 102m2 per bay which is satisfy the minimum requirement of the bay area of 85m2 at the beginning of the design brief. The height of the top of the column is 6m and the highest point of the roof is 6.9m which is using 6 degrees for designing the portal frame and which is satisfies the minimum floor to ceiling height of 6m at the beginning of the design brief as well. This design has no bracing as the truss can be afford for the lateral load to maintain the stability of the structure, attained from the use of a truss is sufficient enough to invalidate the use of bracing elsewhere in this particular design. Two extra columns have been placed at both end trusses in order to support the end-span, as both end-spans do not have secondary beams at either side of the truss to help stabilise them. The struts in the trusses are to be connected to the tie beam and rafter using gusset plates and bolts; and the bracing attached to the rafters using the same method. For the Section sizing, Loading calculations have been completed, and a size for each member has been chosen based on the loads acting on the structure. For the rafter, all secondary beams, (this includes the beams between columns, and the ridge beam), a section size of 356x171x45 UKB has been chosen. It has been assumed that the columns are unrestrained; this choice may be revised in the future. Under this assumption, along with the loading conditions, a section size of 533x210x22 UKB has been chosen for each column. Advantages The design has large amount of trusses set on top of the structure. It can from the side of the structure. The whole structure is design to make with steel beams. This gives the structure with higher strength compare with concrete beams and columns. As no vertical brace with the structure to the bottom, this allow extra lorry loading gates. Other than that, flexible fire exits can be set. Equal spacing within columns and columns, this lead to share the same amount to compression. The columns will share the same displacement during deformation. Easier approximation while the structure collapses. Pin joints are used as the support on the bottom of each columns instead of fixed support, the columns of the structure undergo lesser banding moments. Disadvantages As the trusses held on the top of the structure, it gives extra load on the column. Thicker columns have to be used. The cost is relatively high due to the following reasons: -Lot of connections with that trusses -More materials are used -More complied structure, harder to construct While space on the upper part uses as trusses, lesser goods can be stored, it may decrease the efficiency of the portal frame. Construction is time consuming as it has complicated structure. The calculations of the initial loading input Basic values Determine the basic wind velocity (For simplification the directional factor cdir and the seasonal factor cseason are in general equal to 1.0) 2 Basic velocity pressure Where 2 Peak Pressure Calculation of = (mean wind velocity) Where , 2 Calculation of turbulence intensity ( So, Imposed load Wind load(0 degree) Roof cladding, insulation and services Snow load UKC 533x210x92 (Unrestrained column) UKB 356x171x45 (Rafter secondary beam) UKA 60x60x8 (bracing) magnitude 0.6 0.871 1.5 0.6 92 45 7.09 unit kN/m2 kN/m3 kN/m2 kN/m2 kg/m kg/m kg/m length 4.8m 4.8m 4.8m 4.8m 6m 8.5475m 10.443m Initial load 2.88 kN/m 4.181kN/m 7.2kN/m 2.88kN/m 5.41512kN 0.44145kN 0.06955kN Combination Variable Variable Permanent Permanent Permanent Properties Unfavorable favorable characteristic values 1 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.35 characteristic values 2 1.5 1.5 1.35 1.5 1.35 1 1.35 characteristic values 3 1.3 1.3 1 1.3 1 1 1.5 Total load 1 4.32 kN/m 6.270912 kN/m 7.92 kN/m 4.32kN/m 5.956632 kN 0.397305 kN 0.093896415 kN Total load 2 4.32 kN/m 6.270912 kN/m 9.72 kN/m 4.32 kN/m 7.310412 kN 0.44145 kN 0.093896415 kN Total load 3 3.744 kN/m 5.4347904 kN/m 7.2 kN/m 3.744 kN/m 5.41512 kN 0.44145 kN 0.10432935 kN All the load calculation was took the total load 2 which got the largest value for the worst case. The approximate price calculations for both designs Design 1 The following table shows the materials used of the design; Size of steel Length(m) Quantity Usage UB 533x210x92 6 22 Column UB 356x171x45 8.54751 22 Roof UB 356x171x45 4.8 30 Roof UA 60x60x8 9.8 40 brace UA 60x60x8 7.68375 4 brace Total weight: Size of steel kg/m Total length(m) Total weight UB 533x210x92 92.1 132 12157.2 UB 356x171x45 45 332.04522 14942.0349 UA 60x60x8 7.089 536 3799.704 Total weight of steel =30900kg= 34ton Assuming price of steel is  £700 per ton, cost of the steel used =  £23800 Other than that, joints within the structure are also coincided. M16 bolts in each joint Number of joints Total number of M16 bolts 8 140 1120 Assuming price of each M16 bolt is  £2, cost of bolts used = £2240 Total cost of the structure is around  £26040 Design 2 Size of steel Length(m) Quantity Usage UB 533x210x92 6 22 column UB 356x171x45 4.8 40 Truss UB 356x171x45 1.7 110 Truss UB 356x171x45 8.6 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 2.3 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 2.4 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 2.5 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 2.7 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 2.8 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 1.7 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 1.9 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 2 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 2.2 22 Truss UB 356x171x45 2.4 11 Truss Size of steel kg/m Total length(m) Total weight UB 533x210x92 92.1 132 12157.2 UB 356x171x45 45 1045.6 47052 Total weight of steel = 59200kg =65.26 ton Assuming price of steel is  £700 per ton, price of the steel used =  £45700 Other than that, joints within the structure are also coincided. M16 bolts in each joint Number of joints Total number of M16 bolts 8 242 1936 Assuming price of each M16 bolt is  £2, cost of bolts used = £3872 Total cost of the structure is around  £3872. End of paper

Marketing demographics Essay

The profile for the potential customers of Bob Bicycles consists of the following geographic, demographic, and behavioral factors: It is said that the immediate geographic target of the company is London. In terms of demographics, the company’s market segment includes male and female whose age ranges from 25 above. In a study conducted, it is noted that commuter cycling in the city is mainly dominated by white males with ages ranging from 25-44; this is because women is facing more barriers in cycling than men (See Figure 2). Most cyclists are also employers and employees who have seen the benefits of cycling with their health, economic and personal factors. As can be seen, children are not considered as a potential market since London is not allowing children to use bicycle for transport. Aside from this, other factors to be considered in the demographics of the potential customers of Bob includes the levels of bicycle usage, reasons for use, behavioral factors and geodemographic factors. Figure 2 Profile of Commute Cyclists 2006-2007 Behavior Factors. In terms of behavioral and cultural aspects, it can be said that Bob bicycles can be considered to have a big potential in London because of the high quality bicycles of Bob which meets the current trends in the bicycle market. In addition, there is a value attributed to the used of bicycle as a means of transport. There are various attitudes to cycling that should be considered by Bob in the London market (See figure 3). This result was based on the study conducted by TFL Omnibus Survey in 2007. Most of the perception of the individuals with regards to cycling is its economic, personal and health benefits. Figure 3 Attitude towards Cycling. Based on the analysis, it can be said that Bob’s plan of expanding his business in the London market, is very feasible and potential based on the current trends in business environment and the pool of demographics and potential target markets. Reference Automatic Traffic Count Data (2007). London Travel report 2007, 2007, TfL. Online available http://www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/corporate/London-Travel-Report-2007-final. pdf. Retrieve October 6, 2008. Heywood, C (2004). The Near Market for Cycling in London. Online available at http://www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/cycling-market-report. pdf.retrieve October 6, 2008 Cycling Action Plan (2004). Creating a chain reaction – The London Cycling Action Plan. Online available http://www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/cycling-action-plan. pdf. Retrieve October 6, 2008 Cycling and Motorbikes (2008). Online available at http://www. bbc. co. uk/london/content/articles/2005/06/14/cycling_inlondon_feature. shtml. Retrieve October 6, 2008 Synovate Ltd (2008). TfL Omnibus attitudes to cycling, 2007, Synovate. Online available http://www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/cycling-training-effectiveness-results-summary-2008. pdf. retrieve October 6, 2008.

Why is it important to develop relationships in infant and toddler care?

During their first years of life it is crucial that infants develop confidence, self-esteem and a feeling of security and trust in the people who care for them. These factors give them a secure base for all of their subsequent social and emotional development. Babies who develop this â€Å"emotional security† are then more likely to become toddlers who have the confidence to â€Å"walk alone. † Alicia Lieberman discusses this concept of â€Å"walking alone† in her book, The Emotional Life of the Toddler.In order to become independent learners, confident to explore the world around them and try new things, toddlers must first of all develop a sense of trust. This sense of trust builds when the infant has developed secure attachments with caregivers, and feels reassured, valued, respected and truly cared for. Obviously a child whose emotional needs are not being met through the development of secure and positive relationships with caregivers, will focus more on get ting those needs met than on exploring and learning.Research on what helps children be successful at school, carried out by Heart Start through the â€Å"Zero to Three† organization, emphasises the need for children to be curious in order to learn. The research identified seven characteristics of successful learners, and among them, curiosity. Infants and toddlers have a natural, healthy curiosity, a trait that should be encouraged in a safe way by their caregivers, as it is vital for their confidence, self-esteem and learning. Those children who do not develop secure attachments to their caregivers will be less likely to show this lively curiosity in their world.Helen Raikes has described in her 1996 article, A Secure Base for Babies: Applying Attachment Theory Concepts to the Infant Care Setting, how babies that had developed secure attachments were more likely to explore their surroundings, join in with play and interact with the adults in the setting. These infants know t hat they can look back and â€Å"return to base† if need be. It was the British psychiatrist, John Bowlby who identified four stages of attachment of the child to the mother or the primary caregiver.He noted that during the third stage, (between the approximate ages of 7 and 24 months), infants often develop a strong attachment to the primary caregiver and may develop â€Å"separation anxiety† if that caregiver is replaced by someone else. Continuity of the caregiver, the development of a consistent, caring relationship with one person, is therefore very important for infants at this stage, as they may experience much trauma if a change of caregiver takes place at this time. However, the first characteristic of successful children, identified by the Heart Start research, was that of confidence.Children’s feelings of competence and confidence develop as a result of secure, positive relationships with their caregivers. Also, the confidence that comes from having a clear sense of their own identity means that children are more likely to develop empathy and respect for others and feel relaxed and secure in the company of other adults. Confident children who can interact successfully with their peer group will more easily develop the social skills needed for their future success. Of course, co-operative interaction with others, either children or adults, will help further their learning too.But perhaps the most pressing need for the development of relationships in infant and toddler care arises through consideration of those children who come from an unstable home environment, where their emotional needs have not been met by their parents. The social and emotional growth of these children will be furthered hindered and delayed if they are then not given any opportunity to develop a continuous, positive relationship with a primary caregiver, assigned from the time of the child’s enrolment up until he or she reaches the age of three or eve n five.How can primary and continuous care be implemented in order to develop a relationship with a child? It is the responsibility of the primary caregiver to respond appropriately to the infant or toddler to ensure that their emotional needs are met. An â€Å"appropriate† response is one that makes the child feel respected, valued and cared for. Just as all relationships take time to develop, so must primary caregivers take time to really get to know the children, become aware of their personality and temperament, their likes and dislikes and body language cues.This is the first and foremost response that will help to build a relationship and ensure children’s emotional needs are met. In order to get to know children, it is important to become sensitive to the cues and messages they send out – both verbal and non-verbal. In turn, caregivers should be vigilant about their own body language cues as well as the words they use because when children become aware of negative feedback, (both verbal and non-verbal), from their caregivers it can greatly affect their self-esteem.The caregiver should aim to give positive responses to the child, using open and friendly body language, eye contact, smiles, nodding etc. Of course, this does not mean that the caregiver must always say â€Å"yes† to a child’s demands, if those demands are unreasonable or unsafe, and assertive behavior management strategies should be applied whenever they are necessary. Along with ensuring the quality of responses and care given by the primary caregiver, continuity of care can be implemented in three ways: †¢ Children can be placed in mixed age groups. This means that the children under 2.9 years of age can be cared for in the same room, as long as the requirement ratio is adhered to for the youngest child in the group. †¢ Children can be placed in groups of the same age. This ensures that when the children are ready, they and their caregivers will move to the next environment. †¢ Children can be placed in groups of the same age, and will stay in the same room. This means that the children remain in a setting that is familiar to them, while the learning materials and resources of the room change in accordance with their developmental progress.However, the concept of primary and continuous care must take into account the fact that a major amount of the childcare day is spent doing routine care giving activities, such as toileting, hand washing, eating, etc. Since these routine activities take up so much time, the development of a relationship with the child must be prioritised during these times. In their book, The Creative Curriculum for Infants and Toddlers, Dombro, Colker and Trister-Dodge emphasise that this job of building a relationship with a child should be the focus of the caregiver’s work.Although learning activities should be included as part of a quality curriculum for a child, in practice they only for m a small part of the child’s day – the majority of that day being spent doing routine activities. Therefore the â€Å"curriculum† for a child does not only consist of learning activities. If relationship building is to be given the emphasis it deserves then the daily routines need to be considered as â€Å"curriculum† too, since the majority of daily adult-child interaction takes place during these daily routines.Routine activities can be made enjoyable and fun with lots of opportunities for learning built in; the caregiver can interact with the child in a friendly and positive way during these times, showing the child that s/he is valued and respected. If caregivers are aware of the importance of building positive relationships with the children in their care then they will have no doubts whatsoever that they must work in accordance with the maxim, â€Å"relationship is curriculum†. References Dombro, A.L. , Colker, L. J. & Trister-Dodge, D. (199 9). The Creative Curriculum for Infants and Toddlers. Washington DC: Teaching Strategies. Lieberman, A. (1993). The Emotional Life of the Toddler. New York: Free Press. Raikes, H. (1996) â€Å"A Secure Base for Babies: Applying Attachment Theory Concepts to the Infant Care Setting,† in Young Children, 51 (5), 59-67. Zero to Three (1992). Heart start: The emotional foundations of school readiness. Washington DC: Zero to Three. http://www. zerotothree. org

The Best IB History Notes and Study Guide for SL

The Best IB History Notes and Study Guide for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you want to do well on the IB History exam, you'll need to have a solid set of notes to study from. This can be difficult though if you're missing notes or feel like some of your own notes don't cover certain topics in enough depth. Luckily, we're here to help! We’ve assembled the best FREE online IB History notes into this complete study guide. What's the Format of the IB History Exam? The IB History course was completely updated in 2017. Now, there are five prescribed subjects for SL and HL: Military leaders Conquest and its impact The move to global war Rights and protest Conflict and intervention Your teacher will choose one that you'll cover, and you'll be tested on this for paper 1 (one hour in length). There is also a list of twelve world history topics. For paper 2 (1.5 hours), you'll cover two of these: Society and economy (750-1400) Causes and effects of medieval wars (750-1500) Dynasties and rulers (750-1500) Societies in transition (1400-1700) Early Modern states (1450-1789) Causes and effects of Early Modern wars (1500-1750) Origins, development and impact of industrialization (1750-2005) Independence movements (1800-2000) Evolution and development of democratic states (1848-2000) Authoritarian states (20th century) Causes and effects of 20th-century wars The Cold War: superpower tensions and rivalries (20th century) If you're taking IB History HL, you'll also have a final paper (Paper 3) that is 2.5 hours and will cover one of the four Depth Studies: History of Africa and the Middle East History of the Americas History of Asia and Oceania History of Europe If you're interested in taking a look at the entire IBO IB History Guide, you can find it as a .pdf here. How to Use This IB History Study Guide If you’re hoping for help on one subject, use Command + F to search this guide for specific IB History notes about that subject. As an example, if you want to read about the Cold War, use Command + F to cue the search function. Then type â€Å"Cold War,† and it’ll bring up all of the study materials for the Cold War. I separate the resources into: Quick reference: one-page summary of material if you just need a quick refresher. Longer notes: notes (generally 3-10 pages) if you need more of an in-depth explanation. Flashcards: online quizzes of key terms. Common Study Mistakes for IB History SL/HL Two common mistakes are: Trying to ignore the topics you didn’t comprehend from your teacher’s lesson. If you didn’t understand it in class, you need to find additional assistance through this IB History study guide or tutoring. You're still going to be tested over this material whether you understood it in class or not! Only trying to learn the material a week or two before the IB papers. There is too much history to learn- one or two weeks will not be enough time to learn it (that's why IB History SL/HL is spread over a year or two). The best solution is keeping up in class and studying the material throughout the year. Current IB History Guides Because IB History was so recently updated, there aren't that many current notes and study guides, but we've found the best available. These guides follow the syllabus of the current version of IB History. If you are studying the same topics these notes cover, they are a great resource to use because they hit all or most of the main topics you need to know to be well prepared for the IB History exam. There are guides that cover multiple topics as well as guides that cover a single topic. Multi-Topic Guides and Overviews The History Revision guide contains in-depth notes on several IB History topics. These are: Prescribed Subjects: Move to Global War World History Topics: Authoritarian States and the Cold War HL Topics: History of Asia and Oceania IB History Duck covers similar topics. This guide focuses primarily authoritarian leaders such as Hitler, Mao, and Stalin, as well as the Cold War, histories of China, the USSR, and Imperial Japan. The Student Room has a plethora of resources for you. Just keep in mind that notes for the 2017 syllabus are mixed in with information from earlier exams, so make sure you're accessing and studying the correct material. IB Revision Notes offers in-depth, thorough notes on major topics including dictators, Imperial Russia, WWI, WWII, and the Spanish Civil War. Finding what you need might take a little digging, but it's worth the effort! The teacher-run website IB History of the Americas addresses SL and HL topics, provides paper rubrics, and has tons of helpful PowerPoints covering information from most IB History units. While light on content, this document provides an outline of each of the major units, including the information you'll touch on in order to write Paper 2. Single Topic Guides These are notes on single topics that you'll cover on the IB syllabus. World History Topics: Conquest and its Impacts Handout covering topics you should know World History Topics: Move to Global War Move to Global War unit outline Move to Global War Prezi notes Move to Global War longer notes World History Topics: Rights and Protest Rights and Protest general overview Rights and Protest PowerPoint notes Rights and Protest US Civil Rights overview Rights and Protest longer notes Rights and Protest complete unit World History Topics: Conflict and Intervention Conflict and Intervention general overview Conflict and Intervention workbook Conflict and Intervention Rwanda flash cards World History Topics: Societies in Transition Societies in Transition Prezi World History Topics: Causes and Effects of Modern Wars Causes and Effects of Modern Wars workbook World History Topics: Independence Movements Independence Movements longer notes Independence Movements Flashcards World History Topics: Evolution and Development of Democratic States Evolution and Development of Democratic States overview World History Topics: Authoritarian States Authoritarian states general overview Authoritarian states longer notes World History Topics: Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars general overview Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars longer notes Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars workbook World History Topics: The Cold War Origins of the Cold War unit outline Origins of the Cold War event overview Origins of the Cold War longer notes HL Depth Studies: IB History of the Americas History of the Americas general overview History of the Americas longer notes HL Depth Studies: History of Asia and Oceania History of China and Oceania general overview History of China and Oceania longer notes HL Depth Studies: History of Europe History of Europe longer notes Past IB History Guides These notes are based on the older (pre-2017) version of IB History. They won't fit the syllabus you're currently following in class, but since the two versions cover many similar concepts, they can still be useful for learning more about a specific topic. Just be sure not to use them as your main study resource because they may not focus on the exact same areas you're expected to know. Multiple Topics The Student Room has notes on dozens of IB History topics and can be useful if you need to brush up on facts for a specific place and time period. Peacemaking, Peacekeeping - International Relations 1918-36 Quick reference: 1.1 Aims of the participants and peacemakers: Wilson and the fourteen points 1.2 Terms of the Paris Peace Treaties 1919-20: Versailles, St Germain, Trianon, Neuilly, Sevre 1.3 The geopolitical and economic impact of the treaties on Europe and the mandate system 1.4 Enforcement of the provisions of the treaties: US isolationism, the retreat from the Anglo-American Guarantee, Disarmament-Washington, London and Geneva Conferences 1.5 The League of Nations: effects of the absence of major powers, the principles of collective responsibility, and early attempts at peacekeeping (1920-25) 1.6 The Ruhr Crisis (1923), Locarno and the Locarno Spring 1.7 Depression and threats to international peace and collective security, Manchuria (1931 to 1933) and Abyssinia (1935 to 1936) Longer notes: The Peace Treaties after World War One The League of Nations in the 1920s The Wall St. Crash / Depression The League of Nations in the 1930s Communism in Crisis 1976–89 Quick reference: 2.1 The struggle for power following the death of Mao Zedong, Hua Guofeng, the reemergence of Deng Xiaoping and the defeat of the Gang of Four 2.2 China under Deng Xiaoping, economic policies and the Four Modernizations 2.3 China Under Deng Xiaoping, Political Changes And Their Limits, Culminating In The Demonstrations In Tiananmen Square 2.4 Domestic and foreign problems of the Brezhnev era, economic and political stagnation, Afghanistan Longer notes: The Cold War c.1945-55 The Cold War c.1955-91 The Korean War c.1950-53 Causes, Practices and Effects of Wars Longer notes: World War One Causes of WW1 Course / Effects WW1 The Peace Treaties German Involvement in Spanish Civil War Causes of the Chinese Civil War Causes of WW2 The Cold War Democratic States- Challenges and Responses Longer notes: Weimar Germany Origins and Development of Authoritarian and Single-Party States Longer notes: Mao Stalin Hitler Pinochet Tsarist / Revolutionary Russia Stalin's USSR Additional Stalin's USSR materials Hitler's Germany The Cold War Longer notes: Cold War Study Guide Sample Cold War Questions Cold War Document Chart The Korean War c.1950-53 Aspects of the History of the Americas Longer notes: United States Civil War: Causes, Course and Effects 1840-1877 Emergence of the Americas in Global Affairs 1880-1929 Political Developments in the Americas after the Second World War 1945-79 The Cold War and the Americas Civil Rights and Social Movements in America Aspects of the History of Asia and Oceania Longer notes with videos Aspects of the History of Europe and the Middle East #1: The French Revolution and Napoleon Longer notes #2: Unification and Consolidation of Germany and Italy Longer notes #3: The Ottoman Empire #4: Western and Northern Europe 1848-1914 #5: Imperial Russia, Revolutions, Emergence of Soviet State 1853-1924 Longer notes: Tsarist and Revolutionary Russia to 1924 Longer notes: Alexander II Longer notes: Alexander III Longer notes: Nicholas II #6: European Diplomacy and the First World War 1870-1923 Longer notes: Causes of WW1, Course / Effects WW1, the Peace Treaties #7: War and Change in the Middle East 1914-49 Longer notes #8: Interwar Years: Conflict and Co-operation 1919-39 Longer notes: The Peace Treaties after World War One Longer notes: The League of Nations in the 1920s Longer notes: The Wall St. Crash / Depression Longer notes: The League of Nations in the 1930s Longer notes: The Spanish Civil War #9: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 1924-2000 Longer notes: Stalin's USSR Khrushchev and Brezhnev Hitler's Germany The Cold War c.1945-55 Causes for the Collapse of Communism in Europe #10: The Second World War and Post-War Western Europe 1939-2000 #11: Post-War Developments in the Middle East 1945-2000 Longer notes #12: Social and Economic Developments in Europe and the Middle East Longer notes: European Option What’s Next? Looking for more practice material for IB History? Then you'll definitely want to delve into our complete collection of free and official past IB history papers. Interested in brushing up on some of your historical knowledge? Read about the Platt Amendment, checks and balances in the US government (as well as how the executive branch checks the judicial branch), and lighthouse keeper Ida Lewis. Alternatively, boost your esoteric knowledge by learning about the history of the three-hole punch and the real story of David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo heist. Finally, you can get practice materials for other IB classes on our blog: Every IB Biology Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Business and Management Past Paper Available: FREE and Official Where to Find IB Chemistry Past Papers - Free and Official Every IB Economics Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB English Past Paper: Free and Official The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, and Ideas Every IB Geography Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Math Past Paper: Free and Official Where to Find IB Physics Past Papers - Free and Official Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Free Essays on Describe And Explain The Global Patterns Of Earthquakes.

â€Å"Earthquakes are probably the most dramatic of Man’s natural enemies.† (Hallam 1977) â€Å"Earthquakes are vibrations of the earth caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks that have been strained beyond their elastic limits.† (Hamblin and Christiansen 2001). Shockwaves are generated when an earthquake occurs. There are three types of seismic waves: Primary waves, secondary waves and surface waves. Earthquakes tend not to be deeper than 700km into the earth. Shallow-focus earthquakes occur from the surface to a depth of 70km. Intermediate-focus earthquakes occur between 70km-300km below the surface and finally deep-focus earthquakes between 300km-700km. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on a Richter Scale. If the locations of earthquakes are plotted on a map it becomes clearly evident that there is a pattern. Earthquakes are generally concentrated in areas where plates meet. If we plot the areas where shallow, intermediate, and deep focus earthquakes occur it becomes apparent that virtually all deep earthquakes are associated with ocean trenches and island arc structures bordering the Pacific. The reasoning behind this is plate tectonics. The earth can be internally divided into three major areas: The outer crust, the mantle and the core. The rigid outermost layer of the crust comprises of both continental and oceanic crust. Underlying the crust is the mantle, it comprises the largest portion of the earth and finally the innermost portion is the core. Plate tectonics tells us that the earth’s outermost layer (the lithosphere) is broken into both oceanic and continental plates which slide over the uppermost layer of the mantle (the athenosphere). These plates are in constant motion and interact with their boundaries. It is these interactions which are the cause of earthquakes. We now know there are seven major crustal plates about 80km thick and all in constant motion relative to each other. It is along t... Free Essays on Describe And Explain The Global Patterns Of Earthquakes. Free Essays on Describe And Explain The Global Patterns Of Earthquakes. â€Å"Earthquakes are probably the most dramatic of Man’s natural enemies.† (Hallam 1977) â€Å"Earthquakes are vibrations of the earth caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks that have been strained beyond their elastic limits.† (Hamblin and Christiansen 2001). Shockwaves are generated when an earthquake occurs. There are three types of seismic waves: Primary waves, secondary waves and surface waves. Earthquakes tend not to be deeper than 700km into the earth. Shallow-focus earthquakes occur from the surface to a depth of 70km. Intermediate-focus earthquakes occur between 70km-300km below the surface and finally deep-focus earthquakes between 300km-700km. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on a Richter Scale. If the locations of earthquakes are plotted on a map it becomes clearly evident that there is a pattern. Earthquakes are generally concentrated in areas where plates meet. If we plot the areas where shallow, intermediate, and deep focus earthquakes occur it becomes apparent that virtually all deep earthquakes are associated with ocean trenches and island arc structures bordering the Pacific. The reasoning behind this is plate tectonics. The earth can be internally divided into three major areas: The outer crust, the mantle and the core. The rigid outermost layer of the crust comprises of both continental and oceanic crust. Underlying the crust is the mantle, it comprises the largest portion of the earth and finally the innermost portion is the core. Plate tectonics tells us that the earth’s outermost layer (the lithosphere) is broken into both oceanic and continental plates which slide over the uppermost layer of the mantle (the athenosphere). These plates are in constant motion and interact with their boundaries. It is these interactions which are the cause of earthquakes. We now know there are seven major crustal plates about 80km thick and all in constant motion relative to each other. It is along t...

The Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Portfolio - Essay Example complaining letters, cover letters, and other forms of letters helped me distinguish between different forms of letters and the elements required for each form of letter. This knowledge will be essential when I apply for future jobs and the skills gained will be beneficial in future. Although the class covered many things that will be helpful to me in future, I feel there are some things that we should have learned writing about in the class. However, the most important of the things that would have made learning better include writing various forms of short plays that we could act during class. This way, we could achieve a lot us a class in terms of learning about the differences in culture and we would have a chance of improving on the quality of our writing. By exchanging the scripts that we will have written, our classmates can correct grammatical mistakes and styles of writing in our work. Consequently, this approach will not only help us gain self-confidence, but it will also help us in improving out proficiency in

German course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

German course - Essay Example P. 133). However, through his speech, people got to understand that they can do better. Luther believed in salvation as a gift out of God’s grace. However, he made people understand that salvation cannot be received without faith. His way of translating the bible as well as criticizing the Hebrews was outstanding. His work that is manifested in his life changes Christian theology. This formed the basis of Christian movements in Europe which later spread to all parts of the world (Carson, 2007. P. 72). In addition, his speech opened up people’s minds and their view on Roman Catholic Church. However, his main achievement could be said to be the German Peasant Rebellion. This enabled people to think critically but positively about their economic status. This has changed people minds from achieving the minimum to excellent achievers (Carson, 2007. P. 54). Martin Luther was, is and will always remain a prominent figure in the